Evolution Korea
South Korea's democracy is prone to populist inclinations. It's still more stable than we had hoped for.
The country is in search of an innovative development paradigm. The Confucian culture, which emphasizes respect for the ancestors as and gender-specific family relationships, continues to influence the society. There are signs that a secular culture is gaining ground.
Origins
In prehistoric times the ancestors of the today's Koreans were capable of surviving by hunting and gathering wild food. About 10,000 years ago, they began to cultivate millet, beans and other crops. They also raised livestock, and even made furs. They formed tribal states in Manchuria, and then on the Korean peninsula. They also established a metalworking industry, producing bronze tools, and later iron tools. They traded with other states and introduced cedon papermaking block printing art styles, and a written language to Japan.
In 2333 BCE Gojoseon was established on the southern part of the peninsula. The state adopted Chinese culture, including Confucian Philosophy and Buddhism. In this period the inhabitants of Buyeo became part of Gojoseon. Gojoseon was a hierarchical society that included a monarch as well as senior officials were drawn from the landed aristocracy, while the rest of the population were peasants. The state imposed taxes on these citizens and sometimes required them to join the army or work on projects for the government like building fortifications.
Onjo the prince of Goguryeo who was also the son of Jumong the founder of Goguryeo and the state of Baekje towards the end of the period. The new kingdom grew its territory to the southwest of the peninsula and fought with Goguryeo and China's commandos in the region. Baekje took on Confucian ideas in its state beliefs system in 1390 CE, and introduced the male-centric concept of filiopiety a doctrine. Under the guise of filiopiety fathers were responsible for their families, and had to be respected and obeyed by all, including their grandchildren and children.
Goryeo, which would rule from 918 until 1392 CE established the Hangul alphabet based on the shapes made by the mouth during pronunciation. This greatly improved communication and led to a rise in the writing of Buddhist text. Woodblock printing and movable metal type were also refined. In 1145 CE, the Samguk Sagi, or "History of the Three Kingdoms" was the first to be recorded.
Development in Korea
The Korean peninsula has been habitable since Neolithic times. The earliest evidence of human settlements is evident in the form graves lined with stone, with precious items like amazonite jewelry being buried along with the dead. Megalithic structures, also known as dolmens and built of single large stones, are widespread throughout the country.
visit this site was the first state to be recognized during the first half of the 1st millennium BCE. After that, the peninsula was ruled by various states during the Three Kingdoms period (57 BCbetween 635 and 57 BC CE) including Baekje, Goguryeo, and Silla. Moreover, the northern region of the peninsula was ruled by the Balhae kingdom, which most historians don't consider to be a proper Korean state.
After the Three Kingdoms arose the Proto-Three Kingdoms Period, also known as the Several States Period. Baekje was the most powerful of these states, was diminished by the collapse of Goguryeo (676 CE) leaving only its southern territories in Manchuria, and western region around Hwanghae Bay. Eastern Buyeo as well as the Gaya confederacy, thrived for a short period of time.
The Unified Silla kingdom then emerged and the three kingdoms began to cooperate in order to expand their territorial holdings. Silla, with the help of the Chinese eventually conquered and united the peninsula in 935.
As Korea enters the post-crisis period its development model is in flux. The people who are awed by the enormous cost of the old system support a comprehensive program of liberalization of labor, capital and product markets. On the other hand champions of the old system are seeking to protect it by using nationalist sentiments and inflating fears about job losses.
Academics and analysts are divided over the extent to which Korea's evolution is being driven by these two trends. This article focuses on the five phases of Korea's evolution in terms of its political development including democratically illiberal democracies (1945-60), democratic autoritarianism (1961-72) authoritarian exceptionalism (1972-1877), democratic paternalism (2001-2002) and participatory democracy (2002). This article also identifies the key factors that appear to be driving these developments.
Creationism in Korea
In South Korea, 26% of the population is Christian. Creationists have made progress in promoting their beliefs to this segment. A survey from 2009 showed that almost one-third of respondents did not believe in evolution. Of the respondents, 41% believed that there was insufficient scientific evidence to support the theory; 39% claimed that it did not align with their religious beliefs; and 17% said they did not comprehend it. The level of doubt is comparable to that of the United States where a similar percentage do not believe humans evolved from earlier forms of life.
In the past, most of the anti-evolution movements in Korea was focused on teaching college students and in bringing them to Christ. In 1980 an all-day creation science seminar was held in Seoul during the World Evangelization Crusade. Drs. Henry Morris and Duane Giss of ICR were the main speakers. The event was attended by a large number of professors, church leaders, and scientists.
The event's success led to the creation of the Korea Association of Creation Research on January 31st, 1980. The inaugural meeting was widely covered in national newspapers, including The Korea Times and Chosun Ilbo, and it attracted a lot of attention.
KACR began publishing a monthly newsletter, CREATION, where it reported on its activities and published articles about scientific evidence for creationism. It also translated several film strips and slides from ICR and also some books on creationism that were already published outside of Korea. KACR members lectured throughout the country in churches and universities.
A KACR success was seen at KAIST University in Seoul. There, students were so interested in creationism that they raised the money and support to put up a small museum on campus showing creationist models of fossils and other exhibits.
In addition to its work, KACR has published a bimonthly publication called CREATION. The magazine covers subjects in the field of creation science. It also hosted a series of lectures by ICR staff. It has also created branches in local offices that offer seminars and talks to schoolchildren and other community groups.
Evolution in South Korea
In the late nineteenth century and the early 20th century, Korea began to adopt a more Westernized style of life. The hanbok, the traditional Korean dress, gave way to miniskirts, as well as other fashion elements from overseas. In the same way, traditional Korean music styles were replaced by contemporary jazz and rock and roll. At this time, the famous samulnori, or masked dance-dramas, were popular with the public. These dramatic pieces were performed with the accompaniment of shaman drums as well as various types of musical instruments.
Korea's new development model is being developed in the aftermath of the economic crisis. The main challenge for the new regime lies in the proper balance between state-led economic policies as well as market-oriented ones. It also involves rethinking the incentives monitoring and discipline schemes that have created the system prior to the crisis. These issues are addressed in Chapters 3 and 4.
Founded by Onjo, prince of Goguryeo and the third son of Jumong, Baekje was established in the middle of the Hangang River, those from Buyeo and other areas and people from northern China. Baekje, one of the major regional powers in the 4th century extended its territory to Mahan in the north and Jeollanam-do south. In the process, it entered into frequent conflict with Goguryeo and the Chinese commanders across the border.
The decline of Silla between the 8th and 9th centuries led to the rise of powerful local factions. Gungye was a nobleman from Later Baekje who established a kingdom in Songak with Songak as its capital. He ruled a portion of today's Jeolla province and Chungcheong. Later, he relocated the capital to Wansanju. He was a rival to Goguryeo.
However the rule of his was short-lived. After his defeat, Gungye was replaced by a powerful local leader Wang Geon, who united Goryeo with Baekje and Silla in 935. Later, Baekje was peacefully integrated into Goryeo as an alternative state. Additionally, Wang Geon introduced fundamental reforms and strengthened a central rule system. This was the end of the Three Kingdoms Period. From then on the Korean peninsula was ruled by the Goryeo Dynasty. In the Three Kingdoms Period, Goguryeo Baekje Silla slowly developed into powerful states on the peninsula as well as in Manchuria.